🎻 Ethnic and folk music — Catalan

Catalan music includes traditions from Catalonia, but also Catalan-language expressions in the Balearic Islands, the Valencian Community, Andorra and other territories. The sardana, a collective dance accompanied by the cobla ensemble, became an important symbol of Catalan identity in the 19th and 20th centuries. Human tower castellers and popular festivities also use the gralla, while havaneres, polyphonic songs, Catalan rumba and island traditions complete this landscape. The Nova Cançó of the 1960s defended the public use of the Catalan language under Francoism, with artists such as Raimon and Lluís Llach. Pop, rock, rap, folk and electronic music in Catalan continue this vitality today.